How to Write the AP Lang Synthesis Essay: A Step-by-Step Guide
Tackling the AP English Language and Composition exam? One of the most challenging components is the synthesis essay. But don’t worry—this guide will walk you through the process of writing a compelling synthesis essay, from understanding the prompt to crafting a persuasive argument.
What Is the AP Lang Synthesis Essay?
The synthesis essay is one of three essay types on the AP Lang exam. It requires you to read multiple sources on a given topic and then create a coherent, well-argued essay that synthesizes information from at least three of those sources. The goal is to demonstrate your ability to understand various perspectives and integrate them into your own argument.Anatomy Drawing Lessons
Why Is It Important?
The synthesis essay assesses several key skills:
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Critical Reading: Understanding and interpreting multiple texts.
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Analytical Thinking: Evaluating different viewpoints and determining how they relate.
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Argumentative Writing: Developing a clear, concise thesis and supporting it with evidence.
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Source Integration: Effectively incorporating multiple sources into your argument.EssayPro
Steps to Write the AP Lang Synthesis Essay
1. Read the Prompt Carefully
Begin by thoroughly reading the essay prompt. Identify the central issue and understand what is being asked of you. Pay attention to the specific task—are you being asked to argue for or against a position, explain a concept, or evaluate a situation?
2. Analyze the Sources
You’ll be provided with several sources, including texts, images, charts, or graphs. As you read each source:
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Identify the Author’s Purpose: What is the main argument or point?
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Note the Perspective: Is the source biased or neutral?
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Highlight Key Evidence: What data or examples support the author’s claims?
Take notes and consider how each source relates to the others and to the prompt.
3. Develop a Strong Thesis Statement
Your thesis should clearly state your position on the issue and outline the main points you’ll discuss. It serves as the roadmap for your essay. Ensure that your thesis:
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Addresses the Prompt: Directly respond to the question asked.
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Takes a Clear Stance: Avoid vague or neutral positions.
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Previews Your Argument: Briefly mention the main points you’ll cover.
Example Thesis:
“While technology has streamlined communication, it has also diminished face-to-face interactions, leading to a decline in interpersonal skills.”
4. Create an Outline
Organize your thoughts before writing. A typical synthesis essay structure includes:
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Introduction: Hook, background information, and thesis statement.
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Body Paragraphs: Each paragraph should focus on a single point supporting your thesis. Integrate evidence from at least three sources.
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Counterargument: Address opposing viewpoints and refute them.
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Conclusion: Summarize your argument and restate the thesis in a new light.
5. Write the Essay
With your outline in place, begin writing:
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Use Clear Topic Sentences: Start each paragraph with a sentence that introduces the main idea.
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Integrate Sources Smoothly: Use transitions and signal phrases to incorporate evidence.
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Analyze, Don’t Summarize: Explain how the evidence supports your thesis.
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Maintain a Formal Tone: Use academic language and avoid colloquialisms.
6. Cite Your Sources
Even though the AP exam doesn’t require a specific citation format, it’s essential to attribute ideas to their respective sources. Use phrases like:
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“According to Source A…”
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“As stated in the article by Smith…”
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“The graph in Source C illustrates…”
7. Revise and Proofread
After completing your essay, take time to revise:
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Check for Clarity: Ensure your argument is coherent and logical.
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Verify Source Integration: Confirm that you’ve used at least three sources effectively.
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Correct Grammar and Spelling: Eliminate any errors.
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Refine Word Choice: Use precise language to convey your ideas.
Tips for Success
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Practice with Past Prompts: Familiarize yourself with previous synthesis essay questions.
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Time Management: Allocate time for reading, planning, writing, and revising.
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Stay Objective: Focus on evidence-based arguments rather than personal opinions.
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Use Varied Sentence Structures: Enhance readability and maintain the reader’s interest.
Sample Outline
Section | Content |
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Introduction | Hook, background info, thesis statement |
Body Paragraph 1 | Topic sentence, evidence from Source A, analysis |
Body Paragraph 2 | Topic sentence, evidence from Source B, analysis |
Body Paragraph 3 | Topic sentence, evidence from Source C, analysis |
Counterargument | Present opposing view, refute with evidence |
Conclusion | Restate thesis, summarize main points, closing thought |
Final Thoughts
Writing the AP Lang synthesis essay may seem daunting, but with careful preparation and practice, you can master it. Remember to stay focused, support your arguments with evidence, and maintain a clear, organized structure.
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